Problem: I would like to know if it is better to include User data in User fields in the User profile, or to create a proxy post type as explained in the documentation for post relationships and custom search for Users?
Solution: There are pros and cons for each approach. If you plan to use custom search Views to search for Users based on filtering by these custom fields, or if you plan to use Repeatable Field Groups for some of these fields, or if you plan to use post relationships to connect multiple Users to the same post, a proxy post type is probably required as explained in the documentation link below.
Problem: I would like to display the title of the post selected in a post reference field using PHP, but when I output the value of types_render_field I get a number.
Solution: This number is the referenced post ID. You can use it to get the post title with the WordPress function get_the_title:
Problem: I have two address fields, one in a parent post type and one in a child post type. When a new child post is created, I would like to calculate the distance between the two addresses and save that distance in another custom field in the child post type.
Solution: You can use the cred_submit_complete hook to trigger custom code with the shortcode toolset-maps-distance-value to calculate the distance between two addresses. Use the update_post_meta function to store that distance in another custom field.