When you insert an image block you cannot see details for the image settings if the post being previewed does not have an image, so to be able to set the alignment you need to make sure that the current post being used to set up the pattern for all of the posts in the archive (in your case it seems to be "beste accu") has an image.
Then you should see various settings available for the image block in the sidebar. Under the advanced tab you will see alignment options (screenshot).
There all also hover options for the image styling.
There aren't hover options for the whole "card" in the grid.
There is no hover for the whole ''card'' but how did hidden link did this?
It looks like this site uses custom CSS to achieve the hover effect for the full card, as well as the centered image. It seems they do not use the option "Make the entire container a link", but instead they use separate links for the title and image. Screenshots attached here showing some of the custom CSS they use in the browser inspector.