Okay after a bit more investigation by my second tier support team, I have some additional feedback:
The setting to disable minifying scripts/styles doesn’t work entirely, even when applied and after clearing the CSS cache, the theme still concatenates some styles, including the core stylesheet you focused on: /wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css
Now, as you observe, the theme dequeues that stylesheet on archives, meaning the core block styles are unavailable. Except it seems to be taking quite a pro-active/aggressive approach.
If you don’t use a custom WPA at all, just output what the theme outputs, then you will observe that this concatenated CSS file includes that core stylesheet *if the archive will display a post that itself includes columns* but won’t include that core stylesheet if the archive is, say, only displaying the Hello World! post, which doesn’t include columns.
Note that on all other themes I tested that stylesheet is available on archive pages. I searched through the twentytwenty plugin and it does not enqueue that stylesheet, I think it is safe to say that that stylesheet is loaded by core WP.
But this theme is dequeuing it (or applying some logic to determine whether to leave it in place or remove it).
In our opinion, the theme should be less aggressive in deciding to remove that core stylesheet, given that 3rd parties (e.g. Toolset) may expect it to be there. We suggest following up with the theme developers about this, since we do not feel it is a good idea, in our plugins, to interfere in the way the theme enqueues or dequeues core stylesheets.
Many thanks for all your work on this. I am giving the theme developers a link to this thread. I'd like to keep it open for now if that's okay, in case you need to communicate with them at all.
Of course, I'll stand by for your update. If needed, you will be prompted by the system to update the ticket in a few days to keep it open.
Updating just to keep this open. I am providing Themify with login access to the site as well so they can look into it.