Sending additional information. Screen 27 (in Views) - there are no fields of group "Сведения об анонсах" with one custom field "Показать в анонсах". There were no such problems with custom fields before.
This solution works, although it is strange. In my case, I could not select this field (it was not in the list) to perform a search on it by Views. The checkbox really saved to base 0. I'm change checkboxes Field to save nothing to the database in case it’s not checked. A group of fields and an additional field appeared in the filters View.