We have a View Specifically ste up to display custom post types in blog posts.
This where all the taxonomy filters are set by shortcode attribute so we use one View for multiple posts. Works great, this typical of a shortcode we'd use:
If I understand correctly you essentially just want to add the ability to filter the view by the Post Id as well.
If such is the case then i've explained how you can achieve this in my previous post. All that is needed is to add the filter for the Post ID and set it to get the ids from a shortcode parameter.
You will need to select the option that says "Posts with IDs set by the View shortcode attribute: "
This will allow you to set the attribute that you want to use to pass the ids in the view. In this case the default will be ids, so you will declare your view like this.