You are saying, that applying the PATCH of the erratum here solved the issue?
https://toolset.com/errata/upload-fails-wordpress-installed-directory/
This is not possible, because that patch was crafted many years ago and is not applicable to the Toolset Forms.
It would break your site, likely.
I shared that post to show that the issue was solved in past, but not to apply that patch, I am sorry if I was not clear.
Now, I see that later anyway the issue came back and it was due to cache?
Then, this issue is not related to Toolset at all, most likely, but rather to some cache or sever issue.
You can find out by disabling non-Toolset Plugins, using a native WordPress Theme like Twenty Nineteen, and try again.
Further, do you, in fact, have a customized upload path of WordPress?
If so, can you please elaborate the precise steps I need to take, in order to replicate this issue as it is on your site?
==> Does revert to the previous Forms Version solve the problem?
You can test this on a staging site of yours, or after a good backup on the live site if you have no staging site.
To revert, you can simply rename the current Forms Plugin and then, download the version you think it works with, from here:
https://toolset.com/account/downloads/
I am almost 100% sure this is related to the WP Engine caching mechanisms
The easiest to check that is setting up a minimal (5-minute install) WordPress install on the same server and test there again.
If then it happens, likely it is a server/cache issue, and if not, it's an exception/corruption on the current site.
We can assist in solving issues within Toolset, however, it will take the collaboration of the 3rd party if it is a compatibility problem with other software or the server.