The views plugin can give your data as a JSON output but this would mean passing the view shortcode into the Table plugin. If the table plugin is not able to handle a shortcode as an input then it won't work.
To create a view with a JSON output you will need to use the classic version of the view editor. To enable this go to Toolset->Settings and scroll to editing experience. Select the 3rd option and then refresh the page.
You should now get a new menu item at Toolset -> Views. Create your view from here.
In the view loop editor you're going to replace the existing wpv-loop tags with the ones below.
Now all you need to do is replace the value and the label values with the appropriate shortcode for your output and then ensure that the "Disable the wrapping DIV around the View " option is selected.
I would highly recommend checking with the support team of the table plugin to see if it can handle shortcodes as an input first.
The Table plugin requires a URL for a page which which contains the JSON so the shortcode isn't going to work.
In the code example you have show, I'm not 100% sure what you mean when you say 'replace the value and the label values with the appropriate shortcode for your output '.
What are you referring to when you 'say appropriate shortcode for your output'. Do you mean the shortcode for the field I wish to display?