The PHP warnings look like they are related to an issue with SVGs, maybe when used in widgets (this is not necessarily related to Toolset).
***Should I remove the SVG widgets?***
However, PHP warnings shouldn't produce 500 errors, which points to a fatal syntax error that you possibly missed because your log is full of so many PHP warnings.
To try and isolate the problem(s), I would first test with a minimal install.
So, switch to a default theme (e.g. twentynineteen), and disable all plugins.
***By switching to a default theme and disabling plugins, will I lose the work that I've created? For example, when I switch to another theme, temporarily-- and switch back to the desired theme, will the styling get ruined? I've had issues with changing Astra themes in the passed, so I'm very hesitant. Also, I've created items in the plugins, views, custom post types, etc. Will I lose this?***
Now delete (or rename) your debug.log so that you can start with a clean one and more easily see the errors and/or warnings.
This should be easy.
Activate Toolset Types and Views.
Does that work?
Any errors in the PHP log?
Now re-activate other plugins one-by-one and keep checking for anything breaking or messages in your logs, until a problem arises. Make a note of what you just did, as well as what is reported in the logs, and share that with me.
***I did this from Bluehost. When the site went down we deactivated each plugin, 1-by-1 until we determined that the views plugin was causing the issue. Is there a way I can just remove the views plugin and start over?***
If you get as far as re-activating all plugins without problem, switch to your chosen theme and see if that produces any errors.