If you do not have the previous database anymore, and the new database (hence the only data now available) has missing entries, the only way to regain those entries is by either adding them manually or re-attempting any import (in case the data is still somewhere in a CSV file for example)
You would need to determine which data is missing, so to know why precisely why it is not added in the import.
If the data is in the CSV stored precisely like the data that was successfully imported (it was the same import as I understand) then there is no reason it should not be imported.
Hence, the data not imported (missing entries) must have some difference to the data successfully imported
That difference needs to be located, amended and corrected.
Then it would work, I assume, as the other data also successfully imported
One other reason for missing entries can be timeouts, disconnections or else
In both cases though, Toolset Support or Plugin cannot help recover the data.
It could help to import it, depending on what you import (sometimes paid third-party plugins will be necessary).
About the other ticket you link to, I think Christian mentions already that Intermediary Post Types (which are part of an M2M relationship) is not supported.
I also see the import was likely not done by those recommendations as you mention in the comment above, because I recall there was already a blocking issue here https://toolset.com/forums/topic/how-to-import-data-from-a-database-with-m-n-relationships/#post-1505905
As I understand the import was not possible, with the method chosen, and a custom suggested way was picked, which we do not document nor support
So, I am not sure how we can help at this point.
If the database is lost, there is no way to recover that data, unfortunately.
Unless, you have it in some CSV or else, and are sure it's the format is correct, and it is supported to import.
Since part of the data seems to have worked, the issue will be easy to spot by defining the difference to the data not imported.
That would then allow for further steps or suggestions on how to proceed.