That's right, the entire DIV section "all-update-list-view" is empty when logged out.
That HTML DIV is wrapping the View, so it cannot be from the Loop, or any part inside the View or further "Downstream", instead it must be where the View is inserted to, or in its Layout editor.
I found that you use hidden link Content Template for this page, and that's where the "all-update-list-view" DIV is created, wrapping the [wpv-view name="all-updates-view-new"] view.
Nothing wrong with this.
The View itself (hidden link), has HTML Conditional ShortCodes in the loop.
So, after all, it could be some condition - however, I do not see any checks upon the current user, or author.
You do not use Toolset Access, so there can be no interference from there either.
The only I saw, is that your ShortCodes both in the View loop and Content Template are misconfigured.
They feature breaking syntax, visible by the reddish highlighted code.
You can see this in 2 places:
Loop Of the View:
[image-shortcode-2 image="[types field='overview-image' output='raw' resize='proportional'][/types][wpv-conditional if="( $(wpcf-overview-image) eq '' )"][types field='header-background' output='raw' resize='proportional'][/types][/wpv-conditional]"]
Content Template:
[image-shortcode-1 image="[types field='header-background' output='raw' resize='proportional'][/types]"]<img src='[types field='header-background' output='raw' resize='proportional'][/types]' alt='image'>
Can you try removing that code and ensure there is no other reddish highlighted code, as well as no missign or over opening HTML tag?
This seems like a live site so I neglected to do this test myself.
If that does not help, I'd suggest creating a very simple View, where you display those posts (no query, no filter) and create a very simple loop, to see if that is visible on the front end as a logged-out user.
If not, it has something to do with another plugin or Theme.
I'd then suggest, testing all this again without any other plugin but Toolset, and another Theme.
This should be done on a staging site, possibly.
Also, imperative before all these tests, is to update all plugins used in the setup - I see that Toolset is outdated currently, and an update would be required in order to narrow down the issue.