I now see the page loading quite fast here hidden link
However, there is a JS error (Uncaught SyntaxError: Unexpected token < on hidden link) that could slow it down a little.
hidden link gives me still a 504 Gateway Timeout.
This could but does not have to, be due to this https://toolset.com/faq/why-do-i-get-a-500-server-error-when-editing-a-view/
You are right about the images, I totally inadequately interpreted them to be ShortCodes, in fact, they are not and hence, Views does not regenerate anything here.
The next step would be to confirm this happening without any other Plugin and another Theme.
Since locally, and as you say on other lists, this is not happening, it should hence be due to some other software interferences or a problematic server setting.
I see plugins warnings like "Redirection's database needs to be updated" which lead me to believe, this could be due to some timeout on redirects or other issues.
I exclude server (almost sure it's not) because your backend is loading satisfyingly fast, and the shorter view as well.
Hence I assume some problem with the content of the view and how that content interacts with other software.
Can you perform the above tests and if not solved, share the 504 producing View URL with me? I mean the Edit View link, which I cannot get from the front end since it produces a 504, and none of the scanned "Used on" matches the URL's you shared above.
Note also that the view does not become faster in your site even if I remove all Loop content.
It is hence pointing more and more to a problem with interferences of the query itself and other software.
I see you call fields in the query that are not made by Types, hence that could be an issue, as I am not sure how they are registered and eventually present a bottleneck
I also saw cache is used, which often can slow down especially Views since views already comes with a built-in cache system
All this should be doublechecked eventually on a testing site, before we can go on and once spotted, debug a technical issue within Views (if present)
Thank you!