Ok I missed that point, you indeed can not select the same post type there too.
mmm.... This will go into experimental scenarios now that I have not tested. But in theory, it might work.
What if you add an intermediate post type to circumvent the same post type selection limitation?
Create a small bridge post type that stores the hand-picked links. As an example, create a new CPT, e.g. Study Links (slug: study-link).
After that, create a Relationship:
Parent: Studierichtingen
Child: Study Links
Type: one-to-many (1 study can have many study link items)
In the Study Links field group, add a Post Reference Field:
Reference post type: Studierichtingen. (now it will NOT be greyed out, because you're selecting a different post type than Study Links)
When editing Study A, add child Study Link items. Each one points to E, F, K, P, etc.
Create a View with study links as the content selected and add a query filter:
Select items related to the current post (relationship parent = current Studierichting)
In the loop, output the referenced Studierichting (title + link)
Insert that View into the single Studierichting template.
Again, this is what I thought might work but honestly I did not test.
Thanks.