The output is:
[php]
Outside conditional versteckter Link
test
Armenian
Inside conditional
[types field='education-pack-0-6' output='raw'][/types]
test
[types field='country-language-name'][/types]
[php]
And both of the test links have the fully rendered URL in the link.
We have been experiencing quite a few issues with Divi lately. To check if the issue is coming from divi I would recommend that you temporarily swap the theme to one of the wordpress default themes and let me know if the issue is still present.
I fixed it by putting the contents of the conditional into a separate content template and embedding the shortcode to the new content template in the conditional.