I assume I have to do a one to many association between the artists and the artworks to be able to connect the artist post and their art posts -- How do I connect the two automatically? by post owner? or ?
Well it depends on what you want to achieve. A Toolset Post Relationship may or may not be needed here. Based on what you have described so far, I do not see a requirement for a Post Relationship just yet. The WordPress post author could be sufficient for organizing Artworks by Artist on the front-end of the site. Let's say the Artist post author is the corresponding artist WordPress User. In other words, the site admin is not the post author of the Artist post, the artist himself/herself is the author of his/her own Artist post. In this case, I think you would be able to filter any list of Artwork posts by post author successfully using Query Filters. I'm attaching a screenshot here showing the different configurations possible for a post author Query Filter.
Post author is the same as the logged in user
This would be useful for showing an artist a view of his/her own Artwork posts, but not very useful for other Users.
Post author is the author of the page where this View is shown
This would be great for a View of Artworks added to the Content Template for Artist posts, assuming the Artist is the author of his/her own Artist post. No post relationship is needed in this case, the User's Artwork posts would be displayed as expected.
Post author is the author of the current post in the loop
This would be useful if you create a View of Artists, then place a nested View of Artworks inside the loop. Apply this post author and the inner Artwork View will show only those posts created by the current Artist loop item. Again, this assumes the artist is his/her own Artist post author.
Post author is set by the parent User View
Similar to the previous example, but instead of nesting the View of Artworks in a View of Artists posts, the outer View would be a View of Users.
Author's ID is set by the View shortcode attribute: author
In this case, you can pass any arbitrary User ID into the View using a shortcode attribute like so:
[wpv-view name="Your View of Artwork Posts" author="123"]
This would show Artwork posts with post author ID of 123.
So you can see there are quite a few options available here. You may be able to achieve everything you need without a post relationship. One thing to keep in mind is that there is no way to create front-end custom searches with filtering by the standard post author field. That is not currently possible in Views/Blocks. Instead, you would need to use a custom field, taxonomy, or post relationship search filter.
If you need a post relationship for some reason, you can automate that post relationship using the Create Child Post feature: https://toolset.com/course-lesson/selecting-parent-posts-when-using-forms-to-create-child-items/#creating-forms-when-a-parent-post-is-preselected
If you need something more custom, I can show you how to programmatically set a post relationship using the Post Relationship API. I would need to know more about how the process of creating an Artwork post is initiated. For example, does the Artist visit a specific page on the site with a link to create an Artwork post? Where will that link exist on the site?